Scanning Transitiometry*
is a new technique, which serves science and industrial laboratories.
It combines the use of both the fundamental thermodynamic principles and
the newest technologies of controlling state variables (p, V, T)
and measuring simultaneously the appropriate heat effects with extremely
high sensitivity. From the heat effects and variations of the respective
state variables both mechanical and thermal equations of state can be
simultaneously determined for many systems of scientific and/or practical
importance ranging from fluids (including gases) of various nature, through
polymers, gelatinization and polymorphism, up to asymmetric systems with
supercritical solvents and supercritical processes. In the application
section some typical transitiometric experiments are presented, which
could not be performed in the past with any other known instruments. The scanning transitiometers which are now proposed and those which are already working in various laboratories have always been designed in such a way as to adapt the whole transitiometric system to the specific needs of the customer in order to solve specific problems, including the most difficult ones (e.g. phase transitions in extremely corrosive systems at high pressure and temperature conditions). A typical scanning transitiometer is composed of the following most important subsystems: 1.) an extremely sensitive differential calorimeter placed in a precise solid state thermostat; 2.) digital precise temperature and pressure controllers; 3.) high pressure pumps with various internal volumes, always precisely controlled with a stepping motor and an appropriate gear box; 4.) a number of specialised experimental vessels. All those subsystems can also be delivered separately and adapted to perform with any measuring or controlling systems other than transitiometers. A number of systems or processes which can be investigated by scanning transitiometry can have a very complicated nature, demonstrate sequences of phase transitions not observed in simple systems, etc. For this reason we can also supply modelling computer programs associated with the transitiometric software. Such modelling programs can often be very helpful both in understanding the results of transitiometric measurements and in precise and effective planning of transitiometric investigations. * patents pending |